How to convert a file to utf-8 in Python?

import codecs
BLOCKSIZE = 1048576 # or some other, desired size in bytes
with codecs.open(sourceFileName, "r", "utf-16") as sourceFile:
    with codecs.open(targetFileName, "w", "utf-8") as targetFile:
        while True:
            contents = sourceFile.read(BLOCKSIZE)
            if not contents:
                break
            targetFile.write(contents)

Reference:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4166070/python-csv-error-line-contains-null-byte

Get PCIe link speed (on Win server 2012) - wmic command

Because lspci can't run on win server 2012, so I tried to find another solution. And finally I find solution from microsoft.

wmic /namespace:\\root\StandardCimv2 path MSFT_NetAdapterHardwareInfoSettingData get Caption, PciExpressCurrentLinkSpeedEncoded /format:list

Reference: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh872354(v=vs.85).aspx

用wmic + class撈資料

wmic path Win32_DisplayConfiguration get /format:list

wmic path Win32_VideoController get /format:list

wmic /namespace:\\root\CIMV2 path VideoControllerResolution get /format:list

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa388669(v=vs.85).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa394137(v=vs.85).aspx

Gathering WMI Data without Writing a Single Line of Code

http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2006.09.wmidata.aspx

Win32_DisplayConfiguration - WMI sample in VBScript

VBScript

On Error Resume Next
strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_DisplayConfiguration",,48)
For Each objItem in colItems
    Wscript.Echo "BitsPerPel: " & objItem.BitsPerPel
    Wscript.Echo "Caption: " & objItem.Caption
    Wscript.Echo "Description: " & objItem.Description
    Wscript.Echo "DeviceName: " & objItem.DeviceName
    Wscript.Echo "DisplayFlags: " & objItem.DisplayFlags
    Wscript.Echo "DisplayFrequency: " & objItem.DisplayFrequency
    Wscript.Echo "DitherType: " & objItem.DitherType
    Wscript.Echo "DriverVersion: " & objItem.DriverVersion
    Wscript.Echo "ICMIntent: " & objItem.ICMIntent
    Wscript.Echo "ICMMethod: " & objItem.ICMMethod
    Wscript.Echo "LogPixels: " & objItem.LogPixels
    Wscript.Echo "PelsHeight: " & objItem.PelsHeight
    Wscript.Echo "PelsWidth: " & objItem.PelsWidth
    Wscript.Echo "SettingID: " & objItem.SettingID
    Wscript.Echo "SpecificationVersion: " & objItem.SpecificationVersion
Next

Reference: http://www.activexperts.com/admin/scripts/wmi/vbscript/0055/

5/22 updated:
win32api_EnumDisplaySettings
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1225057/how-can-i-determine-the-monitor-refresh-rate